Introduction
Viagra is a well-known oral medication used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. It contains sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, which works by increasing blood flow to the penis, helping men achieve and maintain an erection. Viagra was originally developed by Pfizer and is available as a brand-name medication and as a generic version.
What is Erectile Dysfunction?
Erectile Dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is the inability to achieve or to sustain an erection adequate for sexual intercourse. ED is a common, treatable condition affecting an estimated 18 million men in the United States alone.
Yet, data suggest that less than 10 percent of affected men actually receive treatment. The small number who receive treatment is thought to be related to the reluctance of many men to discuss the subject with their doctor.
In addition, some physicians are not comfortable addressing the topic with their patients.
What Causes ED?
Most men experience occasional erectile failures at some time during their lives, usually as a result of fatigue, temporary stress or excessive alcohol consumption. Temporary loss of erectile capability is not something to worry about, However, when the condition persists or interferes with a man’s normal sexual activity, medical advice should be sought.
Until recently, many in the health care profession believed erectile dysfunction was caused by mental or emotional conflicts. Patients were often told, “It’s all in your head.”
Today, experts believe that up to 70 percent of all ED cases may be due to physical conditions, with psychological factors accounting for the remaining 30 percent. In many cases, however, there are both psychological and physical reasons for the condition.
Men with ED of a physical origin often experience a gradual onset of symptoms. Physical causes of ED include:
- blockage in the arteries
- diabetes
- neurological disorders
- disease of the erectile tissue of the penis
- pelvic surgery and/or trauma
- side effects of medications
- chronic disease (such as kidney or liver failure)
- hormonal abnormalities
- alcoholism and drug abuse
- heavy smoking
Men who experience a sudden loss of erectile capability often have a psychological origin to their condition. Just as an erection can result from thinking about sex, negative thoughts can prevent an erection from occurring.
Typically, patients whose ED is primarily psychological in nature continue to have erections while they sleep or when they get up in the morning.
Psychological causes of impotence include:
- stress and anxiety from work or home
- worry about poor sexual performance
- marital discord
- unresolved sexual orientation
- depression
Whether a man’s erectile dysfunction is caused by physical or psychological factors, or a combination of the two, it may become a source of mental, emotional and physical stress. In addition, ED may also be a symptom of more serious conditions such as heart disease or diabetes.
How Does Viagra Work?
Viagra works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the penis, allowing more blood to flow into the erectile tissue. When a man is sexually stimulated, the increased blood flow helps to create and maintain an erection. Viagra is most effective when taken in combination with sexual stimulation.
Viagra Dosage and Administration
The recommended starting dosage of Viagra is 50 milligrams. However, the dosage may be adjusted depending on individual needs and response to the medication. It is typically taken about 30 minutes to one hour before sexual activity. Viagra can be taken with or without food, but a high-fat meal may delay its onset of action.
Viagra Side Effects
Like any medication, Viagra may cause side effects. Some common side effects include:
- Headache
- Flushing
- Nasal congestion
- Upset stomach
- Back pain
- Muscle aches
- Dizziness
- Vision changes
If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, it is important to consult with your doctor.
Viagra Precautions
Before taking Viagra, it is important to inform your doctor about any pre-existing medical conditions, especially:
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Low blood pressure
- Liver disease
- Kidney disease
- Eye problems, such as retinitis pigmentosa
- Allergies to any of the ingredients in Viagra
Viagra should not be taken in combination with nitrates, as this can cause a significant drop in blood pressure. It is also important to avoid grapefruit or grapefruit juice while taking Viagra, as this can increase blood levels of the medication.
Viagra and Alcohol
Consuming alcohol while taking Viagra can increase the risk of side effects, such as dizziness and headache. It is advisable to limit alcohol consumption while using this medication.
Viagra and Other Medications
Viagra may interact with other medications. It is important to inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements.
Viagra and Drug Interactions
Viagra may interact with certain medications, including:
- Nitrates (used to treat chest pain)
- Alpha-blockers (used to treat high blood pressure and enlarged prostate)
- Certain antifungal medications
- Protease inhibitors (used to treat HIV)
- Certain antibiotics
If you are taking any of these medications, it is important to talk to your doctor before taking Viagra.
Viagra and Safety
Viagra is generally safe when used as directed. However, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions and to avoid taking more than the recommended dosage. If you have any concerns about Viagra or its safety, please consult with your healthcare provider.
ED Treatment
Currently, there are a number of lifestyle changes and treatment options available for men with erectile dysfunction. A physician can explain the best course of treatment. In some cases, the first course of treatment satisfies the patient and his partner. For other patients a number of steps may be taken before one is found satisfactory. Among the proven treatment options are:
- Changing habits and medications
Quitting smoking can be an important step in reducing the impact of impotence or eliminating it altogether. Changing prescription medications may also help address the condition. - Hormone Medications
Only five percent of erectile dysfunction cases are caused by irregular levels of sex hormones, such as low levels of testosterone, excess prolactin and excess estrogen. Fortunately, for men who experience ED as a result of unbalanced hormone levels, there are medications that can restore this balance. - Professional Counseling
Because erectile dysfunction can often result from a combination of psychological and physical factors, counseling can lessen anxiety, which in turn may reduce the impact and duration of the condition. This therapy is often used in combination with other treatments directed by a physician. - Vacuum Devices
This treatment involves the use of an external vacuum device and one or more tension rings (basically rubber bands). The device works by inserting the penis into a plastic cylinder, which is then pumped to create a controlled vacuum. Once an adequate erection is produced, a tension band is slipped around the base of the penis to maintain the erection; the vacuum device is then removed. The erection-like state generally lasts long enough for a couple to have intercourse. - Injection Therapy
One of the newest forms of treatment involves the self-injection of medication into the side of the penis. The relatively painless injection produces erections of good quality for about 70-80 percent of patients. There are several injectable medications that, when used alone, help increase blood flow to the penis which promotes an erection. Originally, these medications had been registered and marketed to treat other conditions. Researchers, however, also found them to be effective in treating erectile dysfunction, so doctors began prescribing these medications for their patients. - Penile Prostheses
This treatment involves the surgical placement of a stationary or movable device into the two sides of the penis, allowing erections as often as desired. These implants come in two forms: an inflatable device and semi-rigid rods. This treatment is not recommended until other methods have been considered or tried first. - Oral Therapy
Viagra is the latest oral treatment for E.D. Large scale studies have proven remarkable effectiveness in a large percentage of men. - Surgical Treatment
This treatment is usually reserved for those patients whose blood flow has been blocked by an injury to the penis or pelvic area. Surgery is also used to correct ED caused by vascular blockages. The goal of this treatment is to correct a blockage of blood flow to the penis so that erections will occur naturally.
Conclusion
Viagra is an effective medication for treating erectile dysfunction. It is important to use Viagra responsibly and to consult with your doctor before starting this medication. By understanding the benefits, risks, and proper usage of Viagra, you can make informed decisions about your healthcare needs.
